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The brick flue is cold. Burn a few newspaper sheets through the sweeping opening in the lower duct of the flue to start the draught.
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There is low pressure in the room caused by an extractor fan, another fireplace or other device. Ensure sufficient make-up air: stop the extractor fan/mechanical ventilation or open a window when lighting a fire.
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The ash box is full. A full ash box prevents air circulation within the stove. Empty the ash box.
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There are leaks in the flue connection. Seal the connection.
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The smoke ducts of the stove are blocked. Clear the smoke ducts through the sweeping openings of the stove.
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The flue connection pipe is too deep in the flue. Shorten the flue connection pipe and/or pull the stove and the pipe further from the flue.